Back pain is a neurological mechanism, usually of unknown origin, which causes pain, swelling and muscle spasm. The main methods of diagnosis are the history and physical examination, and only rarely are useful tests such as radiography or blood tests, MRI and neuropsychological tests.

There are scientifically evaluated scales to objectively assess pain intensity and extent of disability that causes back pain.

To prevent and treat back pain should maintain the highest level of activity possible and avoid bed rest. Most cases are successfully treated with medication, neuroreflexotherapy or other nonsurgical treatments. Surgery is indicated in a small number of cases and only when there are clear signs that ensure their success.